Django

 Description  We are building the customized application for user management for signup Signup In settings.py INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'polls.apps.PollsConfig' , 'user_mgmt.apps.UserMgmtConfig' , In Master urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import include , path urlpatterns = [ path( 'polls/' , include( 'polls.urls' )) , path( 'user_mgmt/' , include( 'user_mgmt.urls' )) , path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls) , ] In app urls.py from django.urls import path from . import views app_name = 'user_mgmt' urlpatterns = [ path( 'signup' , views.signup , name = 'signup' ) , ] In views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm # Create your views here. def signup (request): page = 'signup' form = UserCreationForm() return render(request , 'user_mgmt/userMgmtForms.html' , { 'page' : page , ...

 Description By default, admin page shows text django administration. We can change the existing layout.  Qqq AA . aaqa templates directory in your project directory (the one that contains manage.py). 'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates'], Now create a directory called admin inside templates, and copy the template admin/base_site.html  [dj_adm@localhost mysite]$ source ~/virtualenvs/dj-env/bin/activate (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost mysite]$ python -c "import django; print(django.__path__)" ['/home/dj_adm/virtualenvs/dj-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django'] (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost mysite]$ cd /home/dj_adm/virtualenvs/dj-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost django]$ ls -ltr   (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost admin]$ pwd /home/dj_adm/virtualenvs/dj-env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/templates/admin (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost admin]$ mkdir -p ~/dj-practice/mysite/templates/admin/ (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost admin]$ cp ...

 Description  As per our requirement, we can tweak the admin page with models    models.py from django.db import models from django.utils import timezone import datetime # Create your models here. from django.contrib import admin class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField( max_length = 200 ) pub_date = models.DateTimeField( 'date_published' ) def __str__ ( self ): return self .question_text @admin.display ( boolean = True, ordering = 'pub_date' , description = 'Published recently?' , ) def was_published_recently ( self ): now = timezone.now() return now - datetime.timedelta( days = 1 ) <= self .pub_date <= now class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question , on_delete =models.CASCADE) choice_text = models.CharField( max_length = 200 ) votes = models.IntegerField( default = 0 ) def __str__ ( self ): return self .choice_text ...

 Description  You might have created a brilliant piece of software, but you will find that many other developers will refuse to look at it because it lacks tests; without tests, they won’t trust it. Jacob Kaplan-Moss, one of Django’s original developers, says “ Code without tests is broken by design. ”    In tests.py import datetime from django.test import TestCase from django.utils import timezone from .models import Question class QuestionModelTests(TestCase): def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question ( self ): time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta( days = 30 ) future_question = Question( pub_date =time) self .assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently() , False )     test polls   (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost mysite]$ python manage.py test polls Found 0 test(s). System check identified no issues (0 silenced). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 0 tests in 0.000s OK ...

 Description   Django documentation  explains the application "polls". We illustrate the same with complete code. Overall flow Points to remember Whenever you create a form that alters data server-side, use method="post" In short, all POST forms that are targeted at internal URLs should use the {% csrf_token %} template tag. Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a user hits the Back button. HttpResponseRedirect takes a single argument: the URL to which the user will be redirected  Views.py rom django.shortcuts import render , get_object_or_404 # Create your views here. from django.http import HttpResponse , Http404 , HttpResponseRedirect from django.template import loader from django.urls import reverse from .models import Question , Choice from django.db.models import F def index (request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by( '-pub_date' )[: 5 ] # ...

 Description  Render the application specific html via View   Create the templates dir dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost polls]$ mkdir templates (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost polls]$ mkdir -p templates/polls/ (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost polls]$ tree . ├── admin.py ├── apps.py ├── __init__.py ├── migrations │   ├── 0001_initial.py │   ├── __init__.py │   └── __pycache__ │       ├── 0001_initial.cpython-39.pyc │       └── __init__.cpython-39.pyc ├── models.py ├── __pycache__ │   ├── admin.cpython-39.pyc │   ├── apps.cpython-39.pyc │   ├── __init__.cpython-39.pyc │   ├── models.cpython-39.pyc │   ├── urls.cpython-39.pyc │   └── views.cpython-39.pyc ├── templates │   └── polls ├── tests.py ├── urls.py └── views.py 5 directories, 17 files In settings.py TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND' : 'django.template.backends.django.D...

  Description  Few core live tables should  be maintained by admin. Django provides the most easiest way to attain it. start the app (dj-env) [dj_adm@localhost mysite]$ python manage.py startapp polls └── polls     ├── admin.py     ├── apps.py     ├── __init__.py     ├── migrations     │   └── __init__.py     ├── models.py     ├── tests.py     └── views.py Models.py     from django.db import models from django.utils import timezone import datetime # Create your models here. class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField( max_length = 200 ) pub_date = models.DateTimeField( 'date_published' ) def __str__ ( self ): return self .question_text def was_published_recently ( self ): return self .pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta( days = 1 ) class Choice(models.Model): questi...

 Description  Django needs to run the html, css and images from the static location that is part of our application Django.conf [root@localhost conf.d]# cat django.conf <VirtualHost *:80>     Alias /robots.txt /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite/static/robots.txt     Alias /favicon.ico /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite /static/favicon.ico     Alias /media/ /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite/media/     Alias /static/ /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite/static/     <Directory /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite/static>         Require all granted     </Directory>     <Directory /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite/media>         Require all granted     </Directory>     <Directory /home/dj_adm/dj-practice/mysite/mysite>     <files wsgi.py>    ...